Shamiram Bulletin No. 21 

ܫܡܝܪܡ

ܟܘܪܣܐ ܓܘܝܐ                                       

ܫܘܬܦܘܬܐ ܕܢܫ̈ܐ ܐܬܘܖ̈ܝܐ ܕܫܡܝܪܡ

ܡܢܝܢܐ 21 ܩܝܛܐ 2014

ܚܒܼܝܫ̈ܬܐ

ܪܵܒܝܼ ܝܘܼܐܵܪܵܫ ܗܵܝܕܘܿ

ܟܵܬ̣ܘܿܒ݂ܵܐ ܘܡܲܠܦܵܢܵܐ ܐܵܬ̣ܘܿܪܵܝܵܐ ܡܗܝܼܪܵܐ

ܡܘܼܪܝܸܙܵܐ ܒܝܲܕ:

ܡܲܠܦܵܢܝܼܬܵܐ ܓ̰ܘܼܐܵܢ ܪܵܝܗܵܢܵܐ ܝܵܘܣܸܦ

ܘܕܵܟܬܸܪ ܡܵܕܠܹܝܢ ܕܵܝܒ݂ܝܼܣ

  

ܪܵܒܝܼ ܝܘܼܐܵܪܵܫ ܗܵܝܕܘܿ ܕܸܢܚܵܐ ܦܝܼܫܠܹܗ ܝܼܠܝܼܕܵܐ ܒܗܲܒܵܢܝܼܵܐ ܒܫܸܢ݇ܬܵܐ 1943، ܘܓܘܼܪܘܸܣܠܹܗ ܒܡܵܬܵܐ ܐܵܬ̣ܘܿܪܵܝܬܵܐ "ܥܹܝܢ ـ ܢܘܼܢܹ̈ܐ" ܒܲܦܢܝܼܬܵܐ ܕܒܲܪܘܵܪܝܼ ـ ܒܵܠܵܐ ܒܓܲܪܒܝܵܐ ܕܒܹܝܬ ܢܲܖ̈ܝܼܢ، ܐܲܝܟܵܐ ܕܦܘܼܪܸܩܠܹܗ ܠܡܲܕܪܲܫܬܵܐ ܫܵܪܘܵܝܬܵܐ.

ܟܲܕ ܐܝܼܬ ܗ݇ܘܵܐ ܠܹܗ ܚܘܼܒܵܐ ܕܝܵܠܸܦ ܗ݇ܘܵܐ ܠܸܫܵܢܵܐ ܐܵܬ̣ܘܿܪܵܝܵܐ، ܬܘܼܡܸܡܠܹܗ ܩܸܪܝܵܢܵܐ ܕܲܟܬܵܒ݂ܵܐ ܕܡܲܙܡܘܼܖܸ̈ܐ ܥܲܠ ܐܝܼܕܲܝ̈ ܚܵܠܘܿܢܵܐ ܕܝܸܡܹܗ ܢܝܼܚܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܐ ܩܲܫܝܼܫܵܐ ܫܸܡܥܘܿܢ ܟܵܗܢܵܐ ܕܥܸܕܬܵܐ ܕܡܲܕܢܚܵܐ ܕܐܵܬ̣ܘܿܖ̈ܵܝܹܐ ܒܡܲܪܥܝܼܬܵܐ ܕܒܲܪܘܵܪ.

ܐܝܼܡܲܢ ܕܦܘܼܪܸܩܠܹܗ ܠܡܲܕܪܲܫܬܵܐ ܥܸܠܵܝܬܵܐ ܒܫܸܢ݇ܬܵܐ 1959 ، ܦܝܼܫܠܹܗ ܪܫܝܼܡܵܐ ܡܲܠܦܵܢܵܐ ܒܲܚܕܵܐ ܡܲܕܪܲܫܬܵܐ ܫܵܪܘܵܝܬܵܐ ܒܲܦܢܝܼܬܵܐ ܕܒܲܪܘܵܪܝܼ ـ ܒܵܠܵܐ ܐܲܝܟܵܐ ܕܡܘܼܩܪܸܐ ܠܹܗ ܠܸܫܵܢܵܐ ܐܲܪܒ݂ܵܝܵܐ ܘܐܸܢܓܠܸܣܵܝܵܐ.

ܐܝܼܢܵܐ ܫܒܸܩܠܹܗ ܠܡܲܕܪܫܵܢܘܼܬܵܐ ܒܵܬܲܪ ܚܕܵܐ ܫܸܢ݇ܬܵܐ ܚܠܵܦ ܡܸܣܬܲܦܩܵܢܘܼܬܵܐ 

(to devote oneself to something) ܠܕܘܼܖ̈ܵܫܹܐ ܘܩܸܪܝܵܢܵܐ ܕܲܟܬܵܒܹ̈ܐ ܛܲܟ݂ܣܵܢܵܝܹ̈ܐ ܕܥܸܕܬܵܐ ܕܡܲܕܢܚܵܐ ܕܐܵܬ̣ܘܿܖ̈ܵܝܹܐ ܣܛܲܪ ܡ̣ܢ (in addition to)  ܟܬܵܒ݂ܵܐ ܩܲܕܝܼܫܵܐ. ܐܵܦ ܕܪܸܫܠܹܗ ܪܵܒܵܐ ܟܬܵܒܹ̈ܐ ܥܲܠ ܦܘܿܠܘܿܛܝܼܩܝܼ ܘܦܝܼܠܵܣܘܿܦܝܼܵܐ ܘܬܲܫܥܝܼܬܵܐ ܘܲܦܪܝܼܫܵܐܝܼܬ ܬܲܫܥܝܼܬܵܐ ܕܐܵܬ̣ܘܿܖ̈ܵܝܹܐ ܘܲܩܢܹܐ ܠܹܗ ܝܼܕܲܥܬܵܐ ܪܘܝܼܚܬܵܐ.

ܦܘܼܪܸܩܠܹܗ ܠܪܲܗܛܵܐ ܕܩܖ̈ܵܝܵܬܹܗ ܓܵܘ ܒܹܝܬ̣ ـ ܨܵܘܒܵܐ ܕܒܲܓ݂ܕܵܕ ܒܦܲܥܘܵܐ ܕܣܸܦܪܵܝܘܼܬܵܐ ܐܸܢܓܠܸܣܵܝܬܵܐ ܒܫܸܢ݇ܬܵܐ 1965، ܘܒܝܲܪܚܵܐ ܕܬܸܫܪܝܼܢ ܩܲܕܡܵܝܵܐ ܡ̣ܢ ܗ̇ܝ ܫܸܢ݇ܬܵܐ ܦܝܼܫܠܹܗ ܪܫܝܼܡܵܐ ܡܲܠܦܵܢܵܐ ܕܠܸܫܵܢܵܐ ܐܸܢܓܠܸܣܵܝܵܐ ܠܡܲܕܖ̈ܵܫܝܵܬܹܐ ܥܸܠܵܝܹ̈ܐ ܒܓܲܪܒܝܵܐ ܕܐܲܬ̣ܪܵܐ ܘܒܵܬܲܪ 3 ܫܸܢܹ̈ܐ ܦܸܫܠܹܗ ܡܫܲܢܝܵܐ ܠܒܲܓ݂ܕܵܕ. ܘܦܝܼܫܠܹܗ ܒܛܲܟ݂ܣܵܐ ܕܡܲܠܦܵܢܘܼܬܵܐ ܩܵܐ ܡܸܬܚܵܐ 31 ܫܸܢܹ̈ܐ.

ܡ̣ܢ ܒܵܬܲܪ ܢܵܦܘܿܩܘܼܬܵܐ (issuance) ܕܒܘܼܕܵܩܵܐ (declaration) ܪܘܼܫܡܵܝܵܐ ܕܡܸܫܬܲܟܢܵܢܘܼܬ ܙܸܕܩܹ̈ܐ (granting rights) ܡܲܖ̈ܕܘܼܬܵܢܵܝܹܐ ܠܲܡܡܲܠܠܵܝ̈ ܠܸܫܵܢܵܐ ܣܘܼܪܝܵܝܵܐ (ܐܵܬ̣ܘܿܖ̈ܵܝܹܐ ܘܟܲܠܕܵܝܹ̈ܐ ܘܣܘܼܖ̈ܝܵܝܹܐ) ܒܫܸܢ݇ܬܵܐ 1972، ܗ݇ܘܸܠܹܗ ܗܲܕܵܡܵܐ ܕ"ܫܵܘܬܵܦܘܼܬܵܐ ܡܲܪܕܘܼܬܵܢܵܝܬܵܐ ܕܐܵܬ̣ܘܿܖ̈ܵܝܹܐ" ܒܒܲܓ݂ܕܵܕ ܘܦܠܸܚܠܹܗ ܒܣܝܼܥܬܵܐ ܕܣܵܝܘܿܡܘܼܬ ܡܓ݂ܲܠܬܵܐ "ܡܘܼܪܕܸܢܵܐ ܐܵܬ̣ܘܿܪܵܝܵܐ" ܦܪܝܼܣܬܵܐ ܒܝܲܕ ܫܵܘܬܵܦܘܼܬܵܐ ܥܗܝܼܕܬܵܐ ܠܡܸܬܚܵܐ ܕܲܚܕܵܐ ܫܸܢ݇ܬܵܐ؛ ܘܥܲܠ ܦܲܐܬܘܵܬܹ̈ܐ ܕܐܵܗܵܐ ܡܓ݂ܲܠܬܵܐ ܦܪܸܣܠܹܗ ܪܵܒܵܐ ܡܹܐܡܖܸ̈ܐ ܘܡܘܼܫܚܵܬܹ̈ܐ ܘܒܘܼܨܵܝܹ̈ܐ ܒܲܬܪܹܝܢ ܠܸܫܵܢܹ̈ܐ ܐܵܬ̣ܘܿܪܵܝܵܐ ܘܐܲܪܒ݂ܵܝܵܐ. ܚܲܕ ܡ̣ܢ ܕܐܵܢܝܼ ܡܹܐܡܖܸ̈ܐ ܒܠܸܫܵܢܵܐ ܐܵܬ̣ܘܿܪܵܝܵܐ ܝܼܗܘܵܐ: "ܥܲܠ ܫܸܪܫܵܐ ܕܠܸܫܵܢܲܢ ܘܫܘܼܡܵܗܹܗ" ܘܚܲܕ ܡܸܢܵܝ̈ ܒܠܸܫܵܢܵܐ ܐܵܪܒ݂ܵܝܵܐ ܝܼܗܘܵܐ: " ܐܵܪܵܡܵܝܵܐ، ܣܘܼܪܝܵܝܵܐ ܝܲܢ ܐܵܬ̣ܘܿܪܵܝܵܐ؟".

ܒܐܵܗܵܐ ܥܸܕܵܢܵܐ ܐܵܦ ܦܠܸܚܠܹܗ ܐܲܝܟ݂ ܒܚܝܼܪܵܐ (expert) ܕܠܸܫܵܢܵܐ ܒܣܝܼܥܬܵܐ ܕܠܸܟܣܝܼܩܘܿܢ ܘܛܘܼܟ݂ܢܹ̈ܐ (idioms and expressions) ܒܲܟܢܘܼܫܝܵܐ ܕܠܸܫܵܢܵܐ ܣܘܼܪܝܵܝܵܐ ܠܡܸܬܚܵܐ ܕܲܚܕܵܐ ܫܹܢ݇ܬܵܐ. ܘܲܗܘܸܠܹܗ ܗܲܕܵܡܵܐ ܕܟܢܘܼܫܬܵܐ ܡܲܪܕܘܼܬܵܢܵܝܬܵܐ ܕܡܲܠܵܠܹ̈ܐ ܒܠܸܫܵܢܵܐ ܣܘܼܪܝܵܝܵܐ (ܐܵܬ̣ܘܿܖ̈ܵܝܹܐ ܘܟܲܠܕܵܝܹ̈ܐ ܘܣܘܼܖ̈ܝܵܝܹܐ)، ܘܦܝܼܫܠܹܗ ܡܓܲܒܝܵܐ ܗܲܕܵܡܵܐ ܕܣܝܼܥܬܵܐ ܡܕܲܒܪܵܢܝܼܬܵܐ ܠܝܲܬܝܼܪ ܡ̣ܢ (for more than) ܬܠܵܬ ܫܸܢܹ̈ܐ ܘܲܒܐܵܗܵܐ ܡܸܬܚܵܐ ܦܝܼܫܵܐ ܗ݇ܘܵܐ ܦܪܝܼܫܵܐ ܗܲܕܵܡܵܐ ܒܣܝܼܥܬܵܐ ܕܣܵܝܘܿܡܘܼܬܵܐ ܕܲܡܓ݂ܲܠܬܵܐ "ܩܵܠܵܐ ܣܘܼܪܝܵܝܵܐ" ܕܟܢܘܼܫܬܵܐ ܡܲܪܕܘܼܬܵܢܵܝܬܵܐ ܘܲܦܪܸܣܠܹܗ ܒܵܗ̇ ܡܹܐܡܖܸ̈ܐ ܣܒ݂ܝܼܣܹ̈ܐ ܒܲܬܪܹܝܢ ܠܸܫܵܢܹ̈ܐ ܐܵܬ̣ܘܿܪܵܝܵܐ ܘܐܲܪܒ݂ܵܝܵܐ.

ܫܒ݂ܘܿܩ ܡ̣ܢ ܕܐܲܢܹܐ، ܪܵܒܝܼ ܝܘܼܐܵܪܵܫ ܝܼܗܘܵܐ ܗܲܕܵܡܵܐ ܕܚܘܼܝܵܕܵܐ ܕܣܵܦܖܸ̈ܐ ܘܣܵܝܘܿܡܹ̈ܐ (Union of writers) ܥܝܼܖ̈ܵܩܵܝܹܐ، ܘܗܲܕܵܡܵܐ ܕܚܘܼܝܵܕܵܐ ܕܣܵܦܖܸ̈ܐ ܘܣܵܝܘܿܡܹ̈ܐ ܕܲܡܠܝܼܠܹ̈ܐ ܒܠܸܫܵܢܵܐ ܣܘܼܪܝܵܝܵܐ. ܘܗܲܪ ܒܗ̇ܘ ܥܸܕܵܢܵܐ ܝܼܗ݇ܘܵܐ ܗܲܕܵܡܵܐ ܕܣܝܼܥܬܵܐ ܕܣܵܝܘܿܡܘܼܬ̣ܵܐ ܕܡܓ݂ܲܠܬܵܐ ܕܚܘܼܝܵܕܵܐ "ܣܵܦܪܵܐ ܣܘܼܪܝܵܝܵܐ" ܘܐܵܦ ܬܵܡܵܐ ܦܪܸܣܠܹܗ ܪܵܒܵܐ ܡܹܐܡܖܸ̈ܐ ܣܛܲܪ ܡ̣ܢ (in addition to) ܡܠܘܿܐܹ̈ܐ ܡܬܲܖ̈ܓܡܹܐ ܒܠܸܫܵܢܵܐ ܐܵܬ̣ܘܿܪܵܝܵܐ ܘܐܲܪܒ݂ܵܝܵܐ ܘܦܝܼܫܠܹܗ ܡܓܲܒܝܵܐ ܠܪܹܫ ـ ܣܵܝܘܿܡܘܿܬ̣ܵܗ̇ ܠܡܸܬܚܵܐ ܕܲܚܕܵܐ ܫܸܢ݇ܬܵܐ.

ܩܵܐ ܪܵܒܵܐ ܫܸܢܹ̈ܐ ܝܼܗ݇ܘܵܐ ܒܚܝܼܪܵܐ (ܡܢܲܦܩܵܐ expert) ܕܠܸܫܵܢܵܐ (ܒܓܘܼܫܡܵܐ ܕܠܸܫܵܢܵܐ ܣܘܼܪܝܵܝܵܐ) ܕܝܼܗ݇ܘܵܐ ܢܵܦܩܵܐ (under control of) ܠܲܟܢܘܼܫܝܵܐ ܝܘܼܠܦܵܢܵܝܵܐ ܥܝܼܪܵܩܵܝܵܐ. ܡ̣ܢ ܒܵܬܲܪ ܫܘܼܚܠܵܦܵܐ ܦܘܿܠܝܼܛܝܼܩܵܝܵܐ ܕܗܘܸܠܹܗ ܒܥܝܼܪܵܩ ܒܫܸܢ݇ܬܵܐ 2003، ܦܝܼܫܠܹܗ   ܪܫܝܼܡܵܐ    ܬܲܚܠܘܼܦܵܐ   ܕܪܹܫܵܐ   ܕܡܲܟ݂ܬܒ݂ܵܐ   ܕܫܘܼܟܵܢܹ̈ܐ   ܕܲܡܫܝܼܚܵܝܹ̈ܐ

 (Office   of     Endowments    of    the    Christians)     ܒܕܲܪܓ݂ܵܐ    ܕܦܲܪܢܵܣܵܐ ܓܵܘܵܢܵܝܵܐ  (director general)ܐܲܝܟ݂ ܩܲܝܘܼܡܵܐ ܕܥܸܕܬܵܐ ܕܡܲܕܢܚܵܐ ܕܐܵܬ̣ܘܿܖ̈ܵܝܹܐ. ܐܵܦ ܦܝܼܫܠܹܗ ܡܓܲܒܝܵܐ ܗܲܕܵܡܵܐ ܕܣܝܼܥܬܵܐ ܕܣܵܝܘܿܡܘܿܬ̣ܵܐ ܕܲܡܓ݂ܲܠܬܵܐ ܦܪܝܼܣܬܵܐ ܒܐܵܗܵܐ ܫܘܼܬܐܵܣܵܐ.

ܪܵܒܝܼ ܝܘܼܐܵܪܵܫ ܡܘܼܠܸܦܠܹܗ ܒܚܲܕ ܚܘܼܕܪܵܐ (course, seminar) ܪܘܼܫܡܵܝܵܐ ܠܠܸܫܵܢܵܐ ܣܘܼܪܝܵܝܵܐ ܠܡܲܠܦܵܢܹ̈ܐ ܐܵܬ̣ܘܿܖ̈ܵܝܹܐ ܕܗܵܘܝܼ ܡܵܨܝܵܢܹ̈ܐ ܕܡܲܠܦܝܼ ܠܸܫܵܢܵܐ ܐܵܬ̣ܘܿܪܵܝܵܐ ܓܵܘ ܡܲܕܖ̈ܲܫܝܵܬܹܐ ܕܐܵܬ̣ܪܵܐ ܐܲܝܟܵܐ ܕܐܝܼܬ ܗ݇ܘܵܐ ܚܲܕ ܡܸܢܝܵܢܵܐ ܡܲܠܝܵܢܵܐ ܕܐܵܬ̣ܘܿܖ̈ܵܝܹܐ. ܘܒܚܲܕ݇ ܡܸܬܚܵܐ ܐܵܦ ܡܘܼܩܪܝܼܵܐ ܝ݇ܠܹܗ ܓܵܘ ܡܲܕܪܲܫܬܵܐ ܕܟܵܗܢܹ̈ܐ ܕܥܸܕܬܵܐ ܕܡܲܕܢܚܵܐ ܕܐܵܬ̣ܘܿܖ̈ܵܝܹܐ ܒܒܲܓ݂ܕܵܕ؛ ܘܬܪܹܝܢ ܡ̣ܢ ܬܲܠܡܝܼܕܵܘܗ̈ܝ ܠܡܸܬܚܵܐ ܕܬܲܪܬܹܝܢ ܫܸܢܹ̈ܐ ܝܼܗܘܵܘ ܩܲܫܝܼܫܹ̈ܐ ܡ̣ܢ ܥܸܕܬܵܐ ܕܡܲܕܢܚܵܐ ܒܬܲܝܡܢܵܐ ܕܗܸܢܕܘܿ.

ܗܵܐ ܡ̣ܢ ܫܸܢ݇ܬܵܐ 1998 ܘܗܲܠ ܕܲܫܒܸܩܠܹܗ ܠܥܝܼܪܵܩ ܒܫܸܢ݇ܬܵܐ 2005 ܘܐ݇ܙܸܠܹܗ ܠܐܵܡܹܝܪܝܼܟܵܐ، ܪܵܒܝܼ ܝܘܼܐܵܪܵܫ ܗܘܝܼܵܐ ܝ݇ܠܹܗ ܗܲܕܵܡܵܐ ܒܣܝܼܥܬܵܐ ܕܣܵܝܘܿܡܘܿܬ̣ܵܐ ܕܲܡܓ݂ܲܠܬܵܐ "ܟܸܢܵܪܵܐ ܕܪܘܼܚܵܐ" (The Harp of the Spirit) ܕܦܝܼܫܬܵܐ ܗ݇ܘܵܐ ܦܪܝܼܣܬܵܐ ܒܲܬܠܵܬܵܐ ܠܸܫܵܢܹ̈ܐ ܒܝܲܕ ܩܸܠܵܝܬܵܐ ܡܝܼܛܪܵܦܘܿܠܹܝܛܵܝܬܵܐ ܕܥܸܕܬܵܐ ܕܡܲܕܢܚܵܐ ܕܐܵܬ̣ܘܿܖ̈ܵܝܹܐ ܬܚܘܼܬ ܡܕܲܒܪܵܢܘܼܬܵܐ ܘܪܵܥܝܘܼܬܵܐ ܕܛܘܼܒ݂ܬܵܢܘܼܬ̣ ܡܵܪܝ ܓܝܼܘܲܪܓܝܼܣ ܨܠܝܼܒ݂ܵܐ، ܘܝܼܗ݇ܘܵܐ ܬܲܚܠܘܼܦܵܐ ܕܪܸܫ ܣܵܝܘܿܡܹ̈ܐ ܘܦܲܪܣܵܢܵܐ ܕܲܡܓܲܠܬܵܐ. ܫܸܡܵܐ ܕܡܓ݂ܲܠܬܵܐ ܦܝܼܫܵܐ ܗ݇ܘܵܐ ܡܓܲܒܝܵܐ ܠܥܘܼܗܕܵܢܵܐ ܡܬܘܼܡܵܝܵܐ ܕܡܲܠܦܵܢܵܐ ܪܲܒܵܐ ܡܵܪܝ ܢܲܪܣܲܝ ܕܟܹܐ ܦܵܐܸܫ ܩܸܪܝܵܐ ܟܵܘܟܒ݂ܵܐ ܕܡܲܕܢܚܵܐ ܘܟܸܢܵܪܵܐ ܕܪܘܼܚܵܐ ܕܩܘܼܕܫܵܐ.

ܪܵܒܝܼ ܝܘܼܐܵܪܵܫ ܓܒ݂ܝܼܪܵܐ ܝ݇ܠܹܗ ܒܫܸܢ݇ܬܵܐ 1969 ܠܡܝܲܩܲܪܬܵܐ ܓ̰ܵܝܢܹܐ ܕܸܢܚܵܐ ܕܵܘܝܼܕ ܘܐܝܼܬ ܠܗܘܿܢ 3 ܒܢܵܬܹ̈ܐ: ܠܘܼܢܵܐ، ܒ݂ܵܠܵܢܬܝܼܢܵܐ ܘܐܵܡܝܼܠܝܵܐ، ܘܚܲܕ ܒܪܘܿܢܵܐ: ܪܵܡܵܢ. ܪܵܒܝܼ ܝܘܼܐܵܪܵܫ ܟܹܐ ܡܲܩܪܹܐ ܠܸܫܵܢܵܐ ܐܵܬ̣ܘܿܪܵܝܵܐ ܠܫܵܖ̈ܘܵܝܹܐ ܫܲܠܡܹ̈ܐ (adult beginners) ܘܟܹܐ ܟܵܬܹܒ݂ ܣܒ݂ܝܼܣܵܐܝܼܬ (copiously) ܒܲܡܓ݂ܲܠܬܵܐ ܕ"ܡܹܐܙܲܠܬܵܐ" (march or procession)

ܦܪܝܼܣܬܵܐ ܒܝܲܕ ܡܵܘܬܒ݂ܵܐ ܐܘܼܡܬܵܢܵܝܵܐ ܐܵܬ̣ܘܿܪܵܝܵܐ ܕܐܸܠܝܼܢܘܿܝ ܒܲܬܠܵܬܵܐ ܠܸܫܵܢܹ̈ܐ: ܐܵܬ̣ܘܿܪܵܝܵܐ، ܐܸܢܓܠܸܣܵܝܵܐ ܘܐܲܪܒ݂ܵܝܵܐ. 

ܪܵܒܝܼ ܝܘܼܐܵܪܵܫ ܗܵܝܕܘܿ ܥܲܡ ܝܵܠܘܿܦܹ̈ܐ ܕܠܸܫܵܢܵܐ ܐܵܬ̣ܘܿܪܵܝܵܐ

ܣܘܼܥܖ̈ܵܢܹܐ ܘܲܟܬܝܼܒ݂ܵܬܹ̈ܐ ܣܵܦܖ̈ܵܝܹܐ ܦܖ̈ܝܼܣܹܐ ܕܪܵܒܝܼ ܝܘܼܐܵܪܵܫ:

1 ـ ܟܬܵܒ݂ܵܐ ܕ"ܬܘܼܪܵܨ ܡܲܡܠܠܵܐ ܦܵܣܝܼܩܵܝܵܐ ܕܠܸܫܵܢܵܐ ܐܵܬ̣ܘܿܪܵܝܵܐ" ܥܲܡ ܡܲܠܦܵܢܝܼܬܵܐ ܓ̰ܘܼܐܵܢ ܪܵܝܗܵܢܵܐ ܝܵܘܣܸܦ. (ܟܬܵܒ݂ܵܐ ܡܛܲܝܒ݂ܵܐ (ready) ܝܠܹܗ ܠܲܛܒ݂ܵܥܵܐ)

2 ـ ܟܬܵܒ݂ܵܐ ܕ"ܗܸܠܩܹ̈ܐ ܕܠܸܫܵܢܵܐ ܐܵܬ̣ܘܿܪܵܝܵܐ" ܥܲܡ ܡܲܠܦܵܢܝܼܬܵܐ ܓ̰ܘܼܐܵܢ ܪܵܝܗܵܢܵܐ ܝܵܘܣܸܦ ـ ܫܸܝܼܟܵܓܘܿ 2009، ܐܲܨܲܚܬܵܐ ܬܪܲܝܵܢܝܼܬܵܐ ܛܒ݂ܝܼܥܬܵܐ ܒܫܸܢ݇ܬܵܐ 2012. ܐܵܗܵܐ ܟܬܵܒ݂ܵܐ ܪܵܒܵܐ ܡܵܘܬܪܵܢܵܐ ܝܠܹܗ ܠܐܵܢܝܼ ܕܟܹܐ ܝܵܕܥܝܼ ܠܸܫܵܢܵܐ ܐܸܢܓܠܸܣܵܝܵܐ ܘܒܵܥܝܼ ܕܝܵܠܦܝܼ ܠܸܫܵܢܵܐ ܐܵܬ̣ܘܿܪܵܝܵܐ، ܐܝܼܢܵܐ ܠܲܝܬ ܠܗ݇ܘܿܢ ܥܸܕܵܢܵܐ ܕܐܵܙܠ݇ܝܼ ܠܣܸܕܖܸ̈ܐ ܕܠܸܫܵܢܵܐ(language classes)

ܓܵܘ ܟܬܵܒ݂ܵܐ ܟܠܵܝ ܕܘܼܖ̈ܵܫܹܐ ܦܝܼܫܹ̈ܐ ܝ݇ܢܵܐ ܟܬܝܼܒ݂̈ܐ ܐܵܦ ܒܠܸܫܵܢܵܐ ܐܸܢܓܠܸܣܵܝܵܐ ܘܬܲܠܡܝܼܕܹ̈ܐ ܟܹܐ ܡܵܨܝܼ ܕܝܵܠܦܝܼ ܕܠܵܐ ܣܘܼܝܵܥܵܐ (help) ܕܡܲܠܦܵܢܵܐ.

 3 ـ ܬܘܼܪܓܸܡܠܹܗ ܠܠܸܫܵܢܵܐ ܐܸܢܓܠܸܣܵܝܵܐ ܬܘܼܢܵܝܵܐ ܕ"ܗ̇ܘ ܬܵܪܥܲܢ ܚܠܝܼܩܵܐ" ܠܟܵܬܘܿܒ݂ܵܐ ܡܝܼܫܵܐܹܝܠ ܠܵܥܵܙܵܪ ܥܝܼܣܵܐ، ܫܝܼܟܵܓܘܿ، 2009.

4 ـ ܟܬܵܒ݂ܵܐ ܕ"ܙܲܗܪܝܼܖܸ̈ܐ: ܟܘܼܢܵܫ ܡܹܐܡܖܸ̈ܐ ܡܓܲܒܝܹ̈ܐ"، ܒܲܓ݂ܕܵܕ، 2000.

5 ـ ܟܬܵܒ݂ܵܐ ܕ"ܘܲܖ̈ܕܹܐ ܕܡܲܖ̈ܓܹܐ"، ܒܲܓ݂ܕܵܕ، 1988.

6 ـ ܬܘܼܪܓܸܡܠܹܗ ܠܠܸܫܵܢܵܐ ܐܵܬ̣ܘܿܪܵܝܵܐ ܟܬܵܒ݂ܵܐ ܕ"ܢܒ݂ܝܼܵܐ" ܠܟܵܬܘܿܒ݂ܵܐ ܓ̰ܲܒܪܵܢ ܚܲܠܝܼܠ ܓ̰ܲܒܪܵܢ، ܒܲܓ݂ܕܵܕ، 1988.

7 ـ ܬܘܼܪܓܸܡܠܹܗ ܠܠܸܫܵܢܵܐ ܐܲܪܒ݂ܵܝܵܐ ܬܘܼܢܵܝܵܐ ܕ"The Rogue Registrar " ܠܟܵܬܘܿܒ݂ܬܵܐ ܐܸܢܓܠܸܣܵܝܬܵܐ " Leany Collins " ، ܒܲܝܪܘܼܬ، 1987

ܚܘܒܐ ܘܙܒܼܢܐ

                                       ܝܘܼܐܵܪܵܫ ܗܲܝܕܘܼ

   ܟܸܐ ܐܵܡܪܝܼ ܕܐܝܼܬ ܗ݇ܘܵܐ ܚܕܵܐ ܓܵܙܲܪܬܵܐ ܐܲܝܟܵܐ ܕܟܠܗ݇ܘܿܢ (ܟܠܲܝܗܝ) ܖܸ̈ܓܼܫܸܐ ܟܸܐ ܥܵܡܪܝܼ ܗ݇ܘܵܘ (ܟܸܐ ܚܵܝܝܼ ܗ݇ܘܵܘ): ܚܲܕܘܼܬܵܐ، 

ܟܡܝܼܪܘܼܬܵܐ (ܚܲܫܵܐ)، ܝܼܕܲܥܬܵܐ، ܚܘܼܒܵܐ ܘܫܲܪܟܵܐ ܕܖܸ̈ܓܼܫܸܐ ܐ݇ܚܸܖ̈݇ܢܸܐ 
ܒܚܲܕ݇ ܡܼܢ ܝܵܘܡܵܢܸ̈ܐ ܦܝܼܫܠܵܗܿ ܓܠܝܼܬܵܐ ܠܖܸ̈ܓܼܫܸܐ ܕܓܵܙܲܪܬܵܐ ܒܸܕ ܦܵܝܫܵܐ ܛܡܝܼܪܬܵܐ ܒܝܲܡܵܐ. ܟܠܗ݇ܘܿܢ ܖܸ̈ܓܼܫܸܐ ܥܒܼܸܕܠܗ݇ܘܿܢ ܐܸܠܦܵܐ ܘܫܒܼܸܩܠܗ݇ܘܿܢ ܠܓܵܙܲܪܬܵܐ ܣܛܲܪ ܡܼܢ (ܫܒܼܘܿܩ ܡܼܢ) ܚܘܼܒܵܐ. ܚܘܼܒܵܐ ܠܚܘܿܕܸܗ (ܒܢܲܦ̰ܫܸܗ) ܦܝܼܫܠܸܗ ܒܓܵܙܲܪܬܵܐ. ܗܿܘ ܒܥܸܐ ܠܸܗ ܕܣܲܒܲܪ (ܣܵܒܸܪ) ܠܗܲܠ ܪܦܵܦܵܐ ܐ݇ܚܲܪܵܝܵܐ ܘܐܝܼܡܲܢ ܕܓܵܙܲܪܬܵܐ ܫܘܼܪܸܐ ܠܵܗܿ ܠܸܛܒܵܥܵܐ، ܡܘܼܩܘܸܚܠܸܗ ܒܩܵܠܵܐ ܪܵܡܵܐ ܕܗܿܘ ܒܸܚܢܵܩܵܐ ܝܠܸܗ ܘܒܵܥܸܐ ܥܘܼܕܪܵܢܵܐ (ܗܲܝܲܪܬܵܐ

   ܘܟܲܕ ܥܘܼܬܪܵܐ ܒܸܥܒܼܵܪܵܐ ܗ݇ܘܵܐ ܡܼܢ ܬܵܡܵܐ ܓܵܘ ܚܕܵܐ ܐܸܠܦܵܐ، ܩܪܸܐ ܠܸܗ ܚܘܼܒܵܐ ܘܐ݇ܡܸܪܸܗ: "ܐܘܿ ܥܘܼܬܪܵܐ ܐܸܢ ܒܵܣܡܵܐ ܠܘܼܟܼ ܬܵܐ ܒܣܘܼܪܗܵܒܼܵܐ (ܒܡܲܠܝܲܙܬܵܐ) ܘܦܵܪܸܩܠܝܼ." ܘܲܥܢܸܐ ܠܸܗ (ܘܓ̰ܘܼܘܸܒܠܸܗ) ܥܘܼܬܪܵܐ: "ܦܫܵܡܵܐ ܝܘܸܢ، ܠܸܐ ܡܵܨܸܢ، ܐܸܠܦܝܼ ܡܠܝܼܬܵܐ ܝܠܵܗܿ ܡܼܢ ܕܲܗܒܼܵܐ ܘܣܸܐܡܵܐ ܘܠܲܝܬ ܦܝܵܫܵܐ ܐܲܬܼܪܵܐ (ܕܘܼܟܵܐ) ܐܸܠܘܼܟܼ."

   ܘܚܙܸܐ ܠܸܗ ܚܘܼܒܵܐ ܠܫܘܼܒܼܗܵܪܵܐ ܒܸܥܒܼܵܪܵܐ ܐܵܦ ܗܿܘ ܡܼܢ ܬܵܡܵܐ ܓܵܘ ܚܕܵܐ ܐܸܠܦܵܐ ܫܲܦܝܼܪܬܵܐ، ܘܐ݇ܡܸܪܸܗ: "ܐܘܿ ܫܘܼܒܼܗܵܪܵܐ ܐܸܢ ܒܵܣܡܵܐ ܠܘܼܟܼ ܬܵܐ ܦܵܪܸܩܠܝܼ." ܘܲܥܢܸܐ ܠܸܗ ܫܘܼܒܼܗܵܪܵܐ: "ܦܫܵܡܵܐ ܝܘܸܢ، ܠܸܐ ܡܵܨܸܢ. ܐܲܢ݇ܬ ܬܲܪܝܵܐ (ܬܸܪܝܵܐ) ܝܘܸܬ ܘܝܲܩܘܿܪܵܐ ܘܒܸܕ ܥܵܒܼܕܸܬ ܙܝܵܢܵܐ ܠܐܸܠܦܝܼ." 

   ܘܚܙܸܐ ܠܸܗ ܚܘܼܒܵܐ ܠܲܟܡܝܼܪܘܼܬܵܐ ܒܸܥܒܼܵܪܵܐ ܡܼܢ ܩܘܼܪܒܵܐ ܘܒܥܸܐ ܠܸܗ ܡܸܢܵܗܿ (ܡܸܢܘܼܗܿ) ܥܘܼܕܪܵܢܵܐ ܘܐ݇ܡܸܪܸܗ: "ܟܡܝܼܪܘܼܬܵܐ ܥܒܼܘܿܕ ܛܲܝܒܘܼܬܵܐ ܥܲܡܝܼ ܘܦܵܪܸܩ ܠܝܼ ܡܼܢ ܛܠܵܩܵܐ." ܐܸܠܵܐ (ܐܝܼܢܵܐ) ܟܡܝܼܪܘܼܬܵܐ ܥܢܸܐ ܠܵܗܿ: "ܐܘܿܗ ܚܘܼܒܵܐ ܐܵܢܵܐ ܪܵܒܵܐ ܚܲܫܲܢܬܵܐ ܝܘܲܢ ܘܣܢܝܼܩܬܵܐ ܝܘܲܢ ܕܗܵܘܝܵܢ ܠܚܘܿܕܝܼ."  

   ܐܵܦ ܚܲܕܘܼܬܵܐ ܥܒܼܸܪܵܗܿ ܡܼܢ ܬܵܡܵܐ ܒܣܘܼܪܗܵܒܼܵܐ ܘܚܲܕ݇ ܗܵܕܟܼܵܐ ܦܨܝܼܚܬܵܐ ܗ݇ܘܵܐ ܕܐܵܦ ܠܵܐ ܫܡܸܥܠܵܗܿ ܠܩܵܠܵܐ ܕܚܘܼܒܵܐ ܐܝܼܡܲܢ ܕܩܪܸܐ ܠܸܗ

   ܡܼܢ ܫܸܠܬܵܢܸܐ ܚܲܕ݇ ܩܵܠܵܐ ܦܝܼܫܠܸܗ ܫܡܝܼܥܵܐ ܟܲܕ ܒܸܐܡܵܪܵܐ: ܬܵܐ ܚܘܼܒܵܐ، ܐܵܢܵܐ ܒܸܕ ܫܵܩܠܸܢܘܼܟܼ. ܐܵܗܵܐ ܗ݇ܘܵܐ ܚܲܕ݇ ܚܲܟܝܼܡܵܐ. ܚܘܼܒܵܐ ܡܼܢ ܚܲܕܘܼܬܸܗ ܘܪܘܵܙܸܗ (ܦܨܝܼܚܘܼܬܸܗ) ܢܫܸܐ ܠܸܗ ܕܒܲܩܸܪ ܡܼܢ ܗܿܘ ܡܲܛܒܼܵܢܵܐ (ܡܪܲܚܡܵܢܵܐ) ܕܠܐܲܝܟܵܐ ܒܸܐܙܵܠܵܐ ܗ݇ܘܵܘ ܘܟܲܕ ܡܛܸܐ ܠܗ݇ܘܿܢ ܠܝܲܒܼܫܵܐ (ܠܒܸܪܙܵܐ)، ܗܿܘ ܚܲܟܝܼܡܵܐ ܫܒܼܸܩܠܸܗ ܠܚܘܼܒܵܐ ܒܫܲܝܢܵܐ ܘܐ݇ܙܸܠܸܗ

   ܒܘܼܩܸܪܸܗ ܚܘܼܒܵܐ ܡܼܢ ܝܼܕܲܥܬܵܐ: "ܡܿܢ ܝܼܗ݇ܘܵܐ ܐܵܗܵܐ ܡܥܲܕܪܵܢܵܐ؟" ܝܼܕܲܥܬܵܐ ܐ݇ܡܸܪܵܗܿ: "ܐܵܗܵܐ ܝܼܗ݇ܘܵܐ ܙܲܒܼܢܵܐ." "ܙܲܒܼܢܵܐ؟" ܒܘܼܩܸܪܸܗ ܚܘܼܒܵܐ ܒܬܸܡܗܵܐ (ܒܕܘܼܡܵܪܵܐ، ܒܥܘܼܓ̰ܵܒܵܐ): "ܐܝܼܢܵܐ ܩܵܐ ܡܘܿ ܙܲܒܼܢܵܐ ܩܵܡ ܡܥܲܕܸܪܠܝܼ؟" 

   ܓܚܸܟܠܵܗܿ ܝܼܕܲܥܬܵܐ ܒܲܚܕܵܐ ܦܲܛܝܼܢܘܼܬܵܐ (ܚܸܟܼܸܡܬܵܐ) ܥܲܡܝܼܩܬܵܐ ܘܐ݇ܡܸܪܵܗܿ: "ܙܲܒܼܢܵܐ ܒܲܠܚܘܿܕ ܝܼܠܸܗ ܡܸܬܡܵܨܝܵܢܵܐ ܕܝܵܕܸܥ ܟܡܵܐ ܛܝܼܡܵܢܵܐ ܝܠܸܗ ܚܘܼܒܵܐ."